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Colour blindness

Colour blindness is a particularity in the perception of colours: certain shades, most often red and green, blend together or look almost identical. The person sees shapes, outlines and details perfectly; what changes is the reading of the information carried by the colour. The same red and the same green may appear to them as two very close shades of brown or grey.

Far from being an absence of vision, colour blindness often goes unnoticed for a long time, sometimes into adulthood, because the person has learned to find their bearings differently: by position, context or habit. It becomes a problem mainly when an instruction, a code or a cue relies on colour alone, with no other clue to back it up.

A chart in class with green boxes for "mastered" and red ones for "to review", a red curve and a green curve on the same background, a metro map made entirely of coloured lines: for a person with colour blindness, these cues fall flat. The information is there, it is simply coded in the one dimension they do not perceive the way others do.

The most tiring part is not the colour itself, it is having to point it out to every new person, to every teacher, to every colleague who hands over a document saying "look, it is marked in red". Being able to state it once and for all, clearly and calmly, avoids having to explain oneself in a meeting or in front of the class.

What color blindness changes day to day

A common assumption is that it means "not seeing colors" at all. In reality, most people concerned see a wide range of shades; what tends to blur is certain pairs of colors, especially red and green, sometimes blue and yellow. The difficulty appears when color alone is used to carry a message.

  • Spotting a piece of information on a chart, a map or a table coded by shades only.
  • Reading signals such as a red or green light, an indicator or a traffic light in the distance.
  • Matching clothes, judging how cooked a piece of meat is or whether a fruit is ripe.
  • Following an instruction like "click the green button" with no other cue.

What actually helps

Most obstacles disappear as soon as information no longer relies on color alone. Pairing color with another cue (a word, a pattern, a position, a symbol) is usually enough. Mentioning the particularity once to the people around you avoids repeated misunderstandings and awkward remarks.

  • Adding a label or a pictogram next to each color used as a cue.
  • Favoring brightness contrasts rather than hue contrasts.
  • Naming colors out loud when pointing to something ("the green button, on the right").

Possible accommodations

A few simple adjustments are enough to neutralise most of the difficulties linked to colour blindness, with no special equipment.

  • At school: a PAP (a personalised support plan, in France) can provide materials where colour is always paired with a word or a symbol, and instructions that never rely on a single shade.
  • At work: documents, dashboards and colour codes backed up with a label; for roles where colour perception is central, the RQTH (official recognition as a worker with a disability, in France) opens a dialogue with the MDPH (the French departmental disability office) about useful adaptations.
  • In daily life: store and label things by position or by text, use apps that name colours, simply ask for the colour of an object to be spelled out.

Explanations based on your profile

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Colour blindness explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Color blindness is when the eyes see colors a little bit differently. As if you put on special glasses that mix up red and green, for example.

The person sees very well, they can read, play, ride a bike... But sometimes, two colors look very alike to them, like two twins you mix up. Red might look brown, or green a bit yellow.

In everyday life, it can be a little annoying:

  • For traffic lights, you have to look at the position of the light (top = red, bottom = green) and not just the color
  • A drawing with lots of similar colors can be hard to read
  • Sometimes, it's nicer to ask whether the color of an outfit goes well together!

But it's no big deal at all: most color-blind people do everything just like everyone else. It's just a small detail about how their eyes see the world.

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