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DLD (dysphasia)

DLD, developmental language disorder (formerly dysphasia), is a lasting difficulty using language, in comprehension, in expression, or both. The brain processes language differently, and each person has their own profile.

The idea is there, but the sentence does not come, or comes distorted. This gap between thought and words has nothing to do with intelligence.

Having a clear idea and not finding how to say it: this is daily life for a person with DLD. The right word slips away, the word order gets mixed up, and the effort to be understood is constant.

On the listening side, the opposite is tiring: following a long instruction or a fast story means continuously rebuilding what was said.

Understanding and being understood

DLD can affect expression (finding and arranging words) as well as comprehension (decoding what is heard). Allowing time to respond, rephrasing simply, and accepting channels other than speech clear up much of the misunderstanding.

What helps

  • one instruction at a time, short and concrete,
  • allow time to put things into words, without finishing sentences for the person,
  • back up speech with images or gestures,
  • check understanding without setting traps.
Key figures

DLD (dysphasia) in a few figures

  • ~ 7 %of children affected by Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).Source: NIH ; RADLD initiative.
  • ~ 2 childrenper classroom on average affected by DLD.Source: RADLD ; NHS UK.
  • Persistsinto adulthood for most ; impacts education, employment and mental health.Source: NIH.

Possible accommodations

Depending on age:

  • At school: project (PPS, an individualized schooling plan, in France) or plan (PAP, an adapted learning support plan, in France), human support (AESH, a teaching assistant for students with disabilities, in France), visual supports, written instructions.
  • At work: RQTH (recognized disabled worker status, in France) through the MDPH (the local disability rights office, in France) for written instructions, an adapted pace, regular check-ins.
  • In daily life: pictograms, written messages, short sentences.

Explanations based on your profile

Choose a profile to read the matching explanation.

DLD (dysphasia) explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Some kids find words harder to catch. It's like the words hide in their head and it takes more time to look for them. It's not that they don't understand, their brain just works differently with words.

  • Sometimes the sentences come out shorter or mixed up
  • Sometimes it's hard to follow a long explanation
  • And sometimes it's just tiring to talk, so they'd rather listen

But careful: the smarts are still there! It's just the words that need a little help. With patience and a bit of help, it gets much easier.

Real cases: DLD (dysphasia)

use cases

Child with spoken-language difficulties, age 6
Parent → Preschool teacher
The teacher knows how to encourage the child to speak up without putting them in difficulty in front of the group.

QR location: Home-school notebook (first inside page)

See the case in detail
High school student with DLD (dysphasia), age 15
Parent → AESH
The AESH adjusts communication (short sentences, rephrasing, picture supports) without assuming an intellectual level that doesn't match the student.

QR location: QR code shared with the AESH by message

See the case in detail
Child with DLD at a library workshop, age 6
Parent → Children's librarian
The librarian offers visual supports and gives the child more time to express themselves, without interpreting silence as a lack of interest in reading.

QR location: Sheet handed over to the librarian at workshop registration

See the case in detail
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