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Dyslexia

Dyslexia makes decoding written text lastingly costly, even though intelligence and curiosity are intact. Letters blur together or seem to move, and reading calls on energy that most people do not need to spend.

Reading a few pages can be enough to cause fatigue. Spelling often stays fragile, even after a lot of practice, because it is the processing of sounds and letters that works differently.

For a person with dyslexia, reading is like translating a foreign language in real time: you manage it, but it takes attention with every word, and there is less left over to grasp the meaning.

Hence a frequent paradox: a child who shines orally, full of ideas, who "gets stuck" as soon as they have to go through writing. The problem is neither the desire nor the ability, it is the channel.

Writing is everywhere, not only in language class

Dyslexia does not weigh only during reading lessons. A maths problem, a history instruction, a user manual, an administrative form: anything that goes through text demands extra effort. Assessing the substance separately from spelling often does justice to what the person truly knows.

What helps

  • favour the spoken word, or read the instruction aloud,
  • accept audio, text-to-speech and suitable fonts,
  • do not penalise spelling when assessing reasoning,
  • allow time, and reduce the amount of reading.
Key figures

Dyslexia in a few figures

  • ~ 15-20 %of the US population shows some symptoms of dyslexia, with ~ 5-10 % meeting full criteria.Source: International Dyslexia Association (IDA) ; Yale Center.
  • ~ 10 %of people in the UK have dyslexia to some degree, including ~ 4 % severely.Source: British Dyslexia Association (BDA).
  • ~ 2 boys / 1 girlidentified in school screenings, with girls historically underdiagnosed.Source: IDA ; BDA.
  • ~ 40 %of people with dyslexia also show signs of another specific learning difficulty.Source: BDA ; IDA.
  • IEP / EHCPmain support frameworks in US schools (IEP) and UK schools (EHCP).Source: US Dept. of Education ; UK Department for Education.

Possible accommodations

Several supports exist, to be adjusted according to age:

  • At school: a support plan (PAP, a school support plan for students with specific needs, in France), extra time, adapted assignments, audio reading tools.
  • At work: RQTH (official recognition of disability status, in France) granted via the MDPH (the local disability office, in France) for text-to-speech, spoken instructions or an enhanced spellchecker.
  • In daily life: audiobooks, voice dictation, shared reading without pressure over mistakes.

Explanations based on your profile

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Dyslexia explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Dyslexia is when reading is harder. The letters can get mixed up or move around in front of your eyes, as if they were dancing. It's as if you had to press very hard on a button to turn the TV on, when for others it's easy.

A person with dyslexia is just as smart and curious as anyone else, but reading takes them a lot of energy. They get tired fast, may make mistakes on words they know, and their reading is slower.

It's not lazy, it's not stupid. It's just that the brain receives the letters in a different way. With the help of an adult, you can find easier ways to read and learn.

Real cases: Dyslexia

use cases

Child with dyslexia, age 14
Parent → Subject teacher
Every teacher understands the useful accommodations without the student having to ask for them out loud in every class.

QR location: Laminated card handed directly to the teacher

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Adult with dyslexia, age 41
The person themselves → New manager
The manager understands why written reports take time and naturally offers alternatives.

QR location: Direct message when starting a new role

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Dyslexic teenager, 15 years old
The person themselves → Fellow student
The classmate understands why note-taking is hard and can offer help naturally.

QR location: Shared by message with a trusted classmate

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Middle school student with dyslexia, age 12
Parent → Teacher for each subject
Each subject teacher reads the accommodations (font, extra time, oral format) without the student having to request them at the start of every class.

QR location: Sticker on the inside cover of the homework diary

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Employee with dyslexia, age 41
The person themselves → New manager
The manager spontaneously offers alternatives to written meeting notes (audio, notes taken by someone else) so the employee doesn't have to explain his dyslexia at every meeting.

QR location: Direct message to the manager during the department change

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Dyspraxic and dyslexic student, first year of university, 19 years old
The person themselves → University disability coordinator
A card slipped into the MDPH file tells the disability coordinator, before the meeting, that Éloïse needs a computer and extra time on exams, without having to explain everything out loud at the first meeting.

QR location: Card slipped into the MDPH file folder handed to the disability office

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Dyslexic candidate for a civil service exam, 24 years old
The person themselves → Exam panel member
The panel understands in advance why extra time or reading aloud was granted, without the candidate having to justify her accommodation to the committee on the day of the oral exam.

QR location: Card slipped into the exam notice sleeve handed to the exam supervisor

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