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Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is a lasting immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. With every intake, even a tiny one, the body attacks the wall of the small intestine, which ends up absorbing nutrients poorly. The reaction is triggered with no visible immediate pain, but its effects build up over time.

The only known treatment is a gluten-free diet, strict and kept up for life. A slip, sometimes down to a crumb or an invisible trace, can bring back digestive trouble, fatigue and deficiencies that last several days. The constraint is therefore permanent, well beyond what's on the plate.

A cutting board wiped too quickly, a shared toaster, a spoon moving from one dish to another: for someone with coeliac disease, these harmless actions can be enough to trigger a reaction. The risk doesn't lie only in the obvious foods like bread or pasta, but also in the traces you can't see.

That's what makes shared meals, canteens and invitations so delicate. Reading every label, asking questions at the restaurant, turning down a dish that looks appetising: these precautions sometimes come across as fussiness, when they simply prevent several days of trouble.

Beyond the plate

Living gluten-free isn't just about changing bread. It means re-reading the make-up of products that are far from obvious (sauces, stocks, cured meats, some medicines), planning ahead for every outing, and explaining again and again why a single crumb matters. This constant attention is exhausting, and the higher cost of gluten-free products adds to the load.

  • gluten hidden in unsuspected processed foods;
  • the risk of cross-contamination in a shared kitchen or canteen;
  • the fatigue, the pain and the deficiencies that follow an unintended slip;
  • the weariness of having to justify yourself at every meal eaten out.

What actually helps

The point is above all to be taken seriously and to be able to eat safely. At school, a PAI (an individual care plan at school, in France) arranges suitable meals in the canteen; at work, a few clear rules in the shared kitchen prevent contamination.

  • reliable information on what the dishes actually contain;
  • clean utensils and surfaces, kept separate from foods with gluten;
  • a gluten-free option planned in advance, rather than improvised;
  • respect for a refusal of food, without pressing or joking.
Key figures

Coeliac disease in a few figures

  • ~ 1%of people in the U.S. have celiac disease.Source: NIH.
  • 1 in 100people in the UK have coeliac disease.Source: NHS.
  • ~ 36%of people with coeliac disease in the UK are diagnosed.Source: Coeliac UK.
  • ~ 500,000people in the UK live with undiagnosed coeliac disease.Source: Coeliac UK.

Possible accommodations

Eating safely comes down to very little: clear information and a bit of organisation beforehand.

  • At school: set up a PAI (an individual care plan at school, in France) for the canteen, provide a dedicated gluten-free meal, offer an alternative to activities using flour or wheat-based modelling dough.
  • At work: in the shared kitchen, keep utensils and surfaces separate, announce what dishes contain at team meals, provide a gluten-free option at events.
  • In daily life: read labels without sighing, clean the worktop before cooking, accept that refusing a dish is a precaution and not a whim.

Explanations based on your profile

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Coeliac disease explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Coeliac disease is when the body cannot eat certain foods. Imagine your body has little guards inside your belly. In coeliac children, these guards make a mistake: they think that gluten (something in bread, pasta, and cakes) is dangerous, and they attack it.

When a coeliac child eats gluten, even just a tiny crumb, their belly gets upset. It can give them a tummy ache, make them very tired, or cause problems for several days.

That is why coeliac children have to eat gluten-free, always. It is not a diet to lose weight or a trend: it is something that has to last a whole lifetime so their belly stays well. Parents and grown-ups are very careful to read food labels and to avoid even tiny crumbs.

If you know a coeliac child, you can help by respecting what they can or cannot eat. It is their way of staying healthy!

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