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Severe Asthma

Severe asthma is a form of asthma that stays hard to control even with a well-followed background treatment. Where many people with asthma steady their breathing with a few puffs from an inhaler, the person concerned lives with airways that tighten more often, more strongly, and sometimes without warning.

Breathing turns wheezy, air passes with difficulty, and an attack can leave someone exhausted for several hours. Between two episodes, social, sporting and working life stays possible, provided the treatment is kept within reach and the triggers that set off attacks are held at a distance, from dust to sharp cold.

Two puffs from an inhaler, and breathing eases: for many people with asthma, that gesture is enough. With severe asthma, the same gesture does not always calm the attack, and a heavier treatment is then needed, constant watchfulness, and sometimes a trip to the emergency room.

This reality often plays out away from view. A poorly ventilated room, a pet that comes rubbing against your legs, a slightly cold gym, and the chest already tightens. Having to re-explain these precautions to every new person, teacher, colleague or activity leader, is exhausting in itself. Setting them down once, in black and white, frees the conversation for what matters.

Understanding what really weighs

The difficulty is not only the attack, it is also everything that has to be anticipated to avoid it. The person learns to spot risky environments and keeps their treatment with them everywhere.

  • Triggers vary from one person to another: dust, dust mites, animal hair, smoke, cold air, intense effort or pollution.
  • A severe attack is never trivial, it can call for quick care.
  • The tiredness that follows an attack can last several hours and reduce how available someone is for the rest of the day.

What really helps

A few simple adjustments to the environment make a real difference, without changing anything essential to group life.

  • Permanent access to the emergency treatment, never stored in a cupboard locked with a key.
  • Ventilated spaces, free of smoke, and attention to animals or dust during outings.
  • The chance to catch one's breath after an effort or an alert, without having to justify it.
Key figures

Severe Asthma in a few figures

  • ~25 millionpeople in the United States live with asthma.Source: CDC.
  • ~8%of US adults have asthma, about 1 in 13 people overall.Source: CDC.
  • ~5.4 millionpeople receive treatment for asthma in the UK.Source: Asthma + Lung UK.
  • ~1,465asthma deaths recorded across the UK in 2022.Source: Asthma + Lung UK; ONS.

Possible accommodations

The needs often come down to small things: keeping the treatment accessible and limiting exposure to triggers.

  • At school: an inhaler accessible at all times, a PAP (a personalised support plan at school, in France) or a PPS (an individualised schooling plan, in France) to frame what to do during an attack, and watchfulness during sport.
  • At work: a workstation away from dust and irritant products, non-smoking premises, and RQTH (official recognition of disabled worker status, in France) through the MDPH (the French disability rights office) if a lasting adjustment is useful.
  • In daily life: letting those around know what to do, avoiding smoke-filled rooms and flagging the presence of animals before a visit.

Explanations based on your profile

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Severe Asthma explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Severe asthma is when the lungs have a lot of trouble letting air through. It is as if the little tubes inside were breathing with great difficulty, even with the medicines we usually take.

The attacks can be very strong and happen often. Sometimes, you have to go to the hospital so the doctors can help you breathe properly again.

  • The person has to take medicines every day to help their lungs
  • They have to avoid the things that make breathing even harder (like dust or sport that is too intense)
  • They get tired faster than other children

When a real attack happens, it is not "just a bit hard", it is serious and dangerous. Adults have to stay alert and be ready to call for help quickly if needed.

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