Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease changes the way the brain triggers and adjusts movements. The movement remains possible, but it starts later, smaller, more rigid, and the person often has to put in an attention that others do not need to give it. The same movement can be smooth at one point in the day and laborious two hours later, depending on the medication.
This variability is one of the least understood aspects of Parkinson's disease. The face may look less expressive, the voice may weaken, the movements may slow, without attention, memory or emotions being affected in the same way. The person hears, understands and feels everything, even when their body responds in slow motion.
It sometimes happens that a person with Parkinson's disease stops dead in front of a doorway. The intention to move forward is there, clear, but the foot stays as if glued to the ground for a few seconds before setting off again. This sudden freeze, often at the start of a movement or in a narrow passage, surprises those around, who do not always know whether to help, wait or speak.
These situations are handled better when the people around know in advance what is happening and what genuinely helps this particular person, rather than rediscovering everything at each new encounter. For many, the most tiring part is not the slowness itself, it is having to explain again, every time, to each new person, why a movement is delayed and how to respond without adding pressure.
What is really behind the slowness
Slower movements reflect neither a lack of willingness nor a drop in attention. The movement exists, but triggering it and giving it its full range demand a constant effort. To this are added fluctuations depending on medication times, with phases where everything becomes simpler again and others where the body freezes.
- The freeze at the start of a movement or in a narrow passage can last a few seconds, then release on its own.
- The voice can become fainter and the face less mobile, with no link to the person's actual mood.
- Fatigue varies from one hour to the next, which makes the abilities of the moment hard for others to predict.
What helps in practice
The right responses are often simple, as long as they are known in advance. Allowing time, avoiding rushing, and giving a cue to restart the movement changes the situation a great deal.
- Wait without commenting during a freeze, then offer a cue (counting a step, aiming for a point on the floor).
- Keep a short sentence to signal that you have understood, rather than repeating the question.
- Allow a little more time for getting around and for fine movements, without drawing attention to it.
Parkinson's disease in a few figures
- ~ 1 millionAmericans live with Parkinson's disease, with ~ 90 000 new diagnoses each year.Source: Parkinson's Foundation US.
- ~ 145 000people in the UK live with Parkinson's, around 1 in 350 adults.Source: Parkinson's UK.
- ~ 1,5 men / 1 womanamong people with Parkinson's.Source: Parkinson's Foundation US.
- ~ 60 yearsaverage age at diagnosis ; about 4 % diagnosed before age 50 (young-onset Parkinson's).Source: Parkinson's Foundation US.
- Second most commonneurodegenerative disease worldwide, after Alzheimer's.Source: WHO.
Possible accommodations
The useful accommodations depend on the person and the time of day, but a few markers come up often.
- At school: for a young person concerned or a relative who is a carer, allow extra time and a calm setting, formalised if needed in a PAP (an individualised support plan for school, in France) or a PPS (an individualised schooling plan for students with disabilities, in France).
- At work: flexible hours set around the phases when movements are smoother, an adapted workstation, and possible support through the RQTH (official recognition of disabled worker status, in France) obtained from the MDPH (the local disability rights office, in France).
- In daily life: allow time for getting around, make narrow passages safe, and accept that abilities vary from one moment to the next.
Explanations based on your profile
Choose a profile to read the matching explanation.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Child
0–12 years oldParkinson's disease is a bit like the brain forgetting how to give orders to the muscles. Imagine your body is a puppet: normally the strings work well and the movements are smooth. With this condition, the strings become less obedient, and the puppet moves more slowly and more stiffly.
Here is what you may see:
- The person walks in tiny steps, as if they had trouble moving forward
- Their hands may shake a little, even when they are resting
- Their voice becomes softer, and their face moves less when they talk
- They get tired quickly, but this changes during the day
It's important to know: even if the person looks less expressive or less energetic, they feel everything and understand everything you say. They need patience and kindness, like someone learning to do something new.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Family caregiver
0–99 years oldParkinson's disease progressively affects the areas of the brain that command movement. This makes gestures slower, stiffer, and sometimes causes shaking at rest.
Day to day, you may observe:
- A walk in small steps, sometimes as if frozen at the start
- A softer voice, a face that moves less
- Shaking of the hands, especially when they are resting
- Tiredness that fluctuates with the hours and the medication
One important thing to remember: even if the person seems less responsive or expressive, they feel and understand everything happening around them. This change in appearance does not affect their emotional world.
Supporting someone with this condition calls for patience and gentleness. Don't hesitate to take care of yourself too: your wellbeing will help you support your loved one over the long term.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Preteen
7–12 years oldParkinson's disease is a condition that mainly affects older people, and that makes movements slower, stiffer, sometimes with shaking.
In real life, you might notice :
- a walk in small steps, sometimes frozen at the start,
- hands that shake at rest,
- a weaker voice, a less expressive face.
You can help quite simply :
- by giving them time when they walk, without sighing,
- by not imitating their shaking, even for a laugh.
A face that doesn't smile doesn't mean they're not happy. Inside, everything works : it's just the expression that's slowed down.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Brother or sister
12–99 years oldIn your brother or sister, some of the brain cells that control movement are gradually wearing out. That's why their movements become slower and stiffer, sometimes with tremors when the hands are at rest.
Day to day, you may notice:
- Small hesitant steps, as if getting going were difficult
- A softer voice, a less expressive face
- Hand tremors
- Tiredness that changes depending on the time of day and the medication
The important thing to know: if their face seems expressionless or switched off, it doesn't mean he/she feels nothing. It's just that the brain has trouble controlling the muscles of the face. Inside, it's still the same person.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Close friend
12–99 years oldParkinson's disease is a bit like the brain having more trouble sending the messages to the muscles to make them move. Movements become slower, stiffer, and sometimes you see tremors, especially when the person is at rest.
Day to day, you might notice:
- A walk with small steps, or a moment of hesitation before getting going
- A softer voice, a face that moves less than before
- Hands that tremble, particularly when she's at rest
- Tiredness that can change during the day
The important thing to remember: if the face seems frozen or the voice weak, it's not that the person feels nothing or isn't listening to you. They're living through all of it inside with the same intensity as before. A simple presence, a smile, clear and unhurried words, that's what really matters.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Teenager
13–17 years oldWhat is Parkinson's disease ?
It's a condition of the brain that progressively affects the control of movements. Gestures become stiffer, slower, and sometimes the hands shake even at rest.
In practical terms, how does it show ?
- The person walks in small steps, sometimes their body "freezes" at the start
- Their voice becomes weaker, their face less expressive
- They feel tiredness that varies over the course of the day
The important thing to know : the lack of facial expression does not mean the person feels nothing. Quite the opposite! They think, they listen, they react inside even if it doesn't show on the outside. It's just that the body doesn't respond the way it usually does.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Young adult
18–25 years oldParkinson's disease progressively affects the brain, particularly the areas that manage movement. The result: gestures become slower, stiffer, and sometimes come with slight shaking.
Day to day, this shows up as hesitant small steps, a quieter voice, a face that moves less. Tiredness can also be intense and vary depending on the time of day or the current treatment.
The important thing to remember: if someone with Parkinson's looks less expressive, it doesn't mean they feel nothing. It's just that their body responds more slowly. The person is there, fully aware, and appreciates patience and respect just as much as anyone.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Parent
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease progressively affects certain brain cells that control movement. This makes gestures slower, stiffer, and sometimes causes involuntary shaking, especially at rest.
Day to day, you may observe:
- a walk in small steps, sometimes with difficulty starting the movement;
- a weaker voice and less variation in facial expression;
- shaking of the hands;
- significant tiredness that varies with the time of day and the medication.
Important to remember: a less expressive face does not mean the person feels nothing. Behind that appearance, they think, understand and fully experience emotions. Talk with them, keep eye contact, and don't hesitate to adapt the environment (a slower pace, a calm setting) to make their movements and communication easier.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Teacher
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease very rarely affects your pupils directly, but it can affect a grandparent. The condition affects the muscles, movement, sometimes the voice and expression.
On the pupil's side, you may observe :
- worry about a grandparent who "doesn't react the same way anymore",
- embarrassment about inviting classmates over,
- sometimes tiredness or distraction if the situation at home is heavy.
To make the classroom more inclusive :
- talk about the condition simply if the child brings it up, in concrete words,
- leave a private space to talk if they wish.
A grandparent's frozen face can be very striking for a child. A few simple words reassure them.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Coworker
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease is a gradual loss of the brain cells that control movement. At the office, having a colleague directly affected is rare but not impossible. More often, it is a colleague's parent who has it.
For the colleague themselves, you may notice:
- a small-step walk, sometimes frozen when starting to move,
- hand tremors at rest,
- a weaker voice, a less expressive face,
- fatigue that varies depending on when the medication was taken.
To make working together easier:
- favour written exchanges over long spoken ones, and give them time when they speak,
- do not read a still face as a lack of interest: on the inside, everything is felt.
An outward slowing has nothing to do with an inward one. The substance is fully there.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Recruiter or HR
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease gradually affects the control of movement. Movements become slower and stiffer, sometimes accompanied by tremors at rest.
Day to day, this can mean:
- A small-step walk or difficulty starting a movement
- A weaker voice and a less visible facial expression
- Hand tremors at rest
- Fatigue that varies depending on the time and the treatment
Important point for recruitment: a less marked appearance or facial expression does not reflect the person's commitment, understanding or skills. Adjustments (breaks, partial remote work, workstation setup) often allow the person to maintain their productivity and independence.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Spouse or partner
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease gradually affects the control of movement. Movements slow down and stiffen, the hands may tremble at rest, the walk becomes hesitant. It's a tiredness that fluctuates: some hours are better than others depending on the medication.
Day to day, you may notice a softer voice, a less expressive face, a certain stiffness. But beware: this lack of expression is only physical. Your partner feels, understands and reacts emotionally, it's just harder to see it on their face or to talk about it.
The real challenges for the two of you: adjusting the pace, accepting that some days are harder, staying patient with slower movements. And carrying on communicating despite this apparent stiffness, because it gets in the way of nothing that really matters.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Neighbor
18–99 years oldParkinson's disease gradually affects the control of movement in the brain. Movements become slower and stiffer, sometimes accompanied by light hand tremors at rest.
Day to day, you may notice:
- A walk with small steps, or moments where the person seems frozen before getting going
- A weaker voice and a less expressive face
- Light tremors, especially when the hands are at rest
- Tiredness that varies depending on the time of day and the treatment
Important: the lack of facial expression doesn't mean the person doesn't understand or doesn't feel. They feel everything normally. Be patient, speak clearly, and don't hesitate to offer your help with everyday tasks if you're around them regularly.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Activity leader or youth supervisor
18–99 years oldWhat is it? Parkinson's disease gradually slows and stiffens movements. It comes from a change in the brain that controls motor function. The symptoms worsen over time, but at a very variable pace from one person to another.
What you'll see in the person:
- Slower movements, general stiffness (as if the body were "frozen")
- A walk with small steps, sometimes a block when starting off
- Tremors, especially in the hands when they're at rest
- A weaker voice, fewer expressions on the face
- Tiredness that fluctuates: the morning can be difficult, the afternoon better
Important: A face with little expression doesn't mean the person feels nothing or doesn't understand. They are fully present, they just receive messages less clearly.
Concretely for your sessions: Allow time (they're slower), speak a bit louder and more distinctly, stay patient at the start of an activity. Offer seated activities or ones easy to adapt. Check with them how they're feeling that day: their condition really does vary.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Adult
26–59 years oldParkinson's disease progressively affects the areas of the brain that coordinate movement. This leads to muscle stiffness, slow gestures and sometimes shaking at rest.
Day to day, this shows up as :
- A walk in small steps, sometimes hard to start
- A quieter voice, less mobile facial features
- Shaking of the hands
- Tiredness that varies with the moment and the treatment
Important : a barely expressive face does not reflect an absence of feeling. The person fully perceives and understands what is happening around them. Talking naturally, without speaking louder or more slowly for no reason, respects their cognitive independence.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Manager or line manager
26–59 years oldParkinson's disease gradually affects the coordination of movement. The person may feel a certain stiffness in the body, slowness of movement, and sometimes involuntary tremors at rest. These signs in no way reflect their cognitive abilities or their professional commitment.
At work, you may notice:
- A slower walk or difficulty starting a movement
- A quieter voice or a less expressive face (with no link to how the person actually feels)
- Fluctuating fatigue depending on the time of day and how well the current treatment is working
Important point: a reduced facial expression does not mean a lack of motivation or understanding. The person is fully aware of their professional environment.
Adaptation solutions focus on the ergonomics of the workstation, schedule adjustments (respecting moments of fatigue), and sometimes tools that make communication easier. A regular dialogue makes it possible to fine-tune things over time.
Parkinson's disease explained to a Senior
60–99 years oldParkinson's disease gradually affects certain areas of the brain that command our movements. This makes movements slower and stiffer, and can cause slight tremors at rest.
Day to day, you may notice:
- A small-step walk, sometimes a moment of hesitation before starting a movement
- A softer voice, a face that looks less mobile
- Occasional hand tremors
- Fatigue that fluctuates depending on the time and the treatment
Important point: the face may seem expressionless, but the person fully feels and understands what is happening around them. This is an essential distinction for maintaining respect and a genuine relationship.
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