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Deafness

Deafness covers very different realities depending on whether it is present from birth or arrives later, mild or profound. For some deaf people, particularly those who are deaf from birth, French Sign Language (LSF, French Sign Language) is their first language, the one in which thought takes shape. Written French comes afterwards, as a second language, which explains why a text may be read more slowly or differently than expected.

Many imagine that deafness is made up for by lip reading. Yet only some sounds are visible on the mouth, and this reading remains a tiring guessing exercise, never a faithful transcription. For many deaf people, deafness is not experienced as a loss at all, but as a language, a culture and a community in its own right.

For a deaf person, information comes through the eyes. A conversation held behind their back simply does not exist for them, and an announcement broadcast by voice, in a train station or a waiting room, escapes them entirely. Picking up what is said means first being able to see it: a face, hands that sign, a text, a screen.

That is why a deaf person who signs with ease and precision can find themselves stuck in front of a dense administrative form, without it being a matter of ability. Written French is, for many, a language learned after sign language. Without an interpreter or visual support, the most ordinary exchange can reach a dead end.

A plural reality, often misunderstood

There is not one deafness but very diverse journeys. A few markers help move past common assumptions:

  • Lip reading makes only some sounds visible: even when practised, a deaf person guesses a lot.
  • Not all deaf people sign, and not all read French in the same way; some use LSF, others speech, others both.
  • Raising your voice is pointless: what matters is the visibility of the face and the clarity of the chosen channel (signs, writing, speech).
  • Silence is not synonymous with isolation: LSF is a full language, with its own grammar and culture.

How to make the exchange possible

Adapting communication often comes down to small things:

  • Stand facing the person, catch their eye before starting, keep your face clear and well lit.
  • Offer writing (a note, a phone, a screen) when speech does not work, without experiencing it as a failure.
  • For important matters, arrange for an LSF interpreter or a transcription setup.
  • Allow time to look at a document and then respond, without rushing or finishing sentences for them.
Key figures

Deafness in a few figures

  • ~ 48 millionAmericans have some degree of hearing loss, about 1 in 8 over age 12.Source: NIDCD ; HLAA.
  • ~ 12 millionadults in the UK have hearing loss greater than 25 dB.Source: RNID UK.
  • ~ 1 in 1 000babies born with significant hearing loss in the US and UK.Source: CDC ; NHS UK.
  • ~ 250 000people in the US use American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary language.Source: NIDCD.
  • ~ 1 in 3adults over 65 worldwide live with disabling hearing loss.Source: WHO.

Possible accommodations

Needs depend on each person's mode of communication (LSF, speech, writing, or several at once).

  • At school: an interpreter or transliterator depending on the profile, visual materials and written instructions, a seat that allows the person to see the board and the teacher's face; a PPS (an individualised support plan for students with disabilities, in France) formalises these means, often with an AESH (a teaching assistant for students with disabilities, in France).
  • At work: written minutes, captioned video calls, an LSF interpreter for key meetings, visual alerts rather than sound ones; the RQTH (recognition of disabled worker status, in France, via the MDPH) opens up these accommodations.
  • In daily life: favour face-to-face or written exchanges, do not speak out of the person's line of sight, accept writing as a normal channel of conversation.

Explanations based on your profile

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Deafness explained to a Child

0–12 years old

Deafness is when the ears don't hear sounds, a bit like the volume being turned down or off. It can happen from birth, or later in life.

Deaf people communicate in other ways to make themselves understood:

  • They watch the face and lips of the person speaking a lot
  • They talk with their hands and gestures (sign language)
  • They use writing or drawings
  • Sometimes, they mix several ways of communicating

Being deaf doesn't mean being alone or sad: it's just another way of seeing the world. Like when you close your eyes but you can still play, dance, and have fun! The people around you just need to know how to communicate well with you.

Real cases: Deafness

use case

Deaf and nonverbal child, 8 years old
Parent → Activity leader, after-school supervisor
The leader understands how to communicate effectively with the child instead of improvising solutions that could put the child in a difficult spot.

QR location: Card given to the activity leader

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